Friday, April 1, 2016

paper 8 Limitations of cultural studies

Name:  Gohil Umaba. B
Roll No: 15
Topic:  Limitations of cultural studies
Paper No:         cultural studies
Limitations of Cultural studies
Cultural studies is a field of theoretically , politically, and empirically engaged cultural analysis that was initially  developed by Britishacademics in the late 1950s 1960s and 1970s and has been subsequently taken up and transformed by scholars from many different disciplines around the world. Cultural studies are avowedly and even radically interdisciplinary and can sometimes be seen as interdisciplinary. as cultural studies scholar toby miler has written “ cultural studies is tendency  across disciplines , rather than discipline itself”. Although most practitioners of cultural studies are professional academics, gilbert rodman has argued in his 2015 book why cultural studies? That the field must be understood to include some non- academic cultural analysts and practitioners is the examination of the forces within and through which socially organized people conduct and participate in the construction of their everyday lives.
Cultural studies can at times seems merely an intellectual smorgasbord in which the critic blithely combines artful helpings of text and objects and then finds deep connections between them. Without adequately researching what a culture means or how cultures have interacted. Cultural studies concentrates upon the political dynamics of contemporary cultural, its historical foundation, defining traits, and conflicts. cultural studies views cultural studies views cultures not as fixed , bounded , stable and discrete entities , but rather as constantly interacting and changing sets of practices and processes. Cultural studies combines  a variety of politically engaged critical approaches drawn from and including semiotics, Marxism, feminist theory, ethnography, critical race theory, postructualism, post colonialism, social theory, political theory, history , philosophy, literary theory, media theory, film/ video studies communication studies ,politicaleconomy,translation studies , museum studies and art history/ criticism to study cultural phenomena  in various societies and historical period . thus , cultural studies seeks to understand how meaning is generated , disseminated, contested, bound up with systems of  power and control, and produced from the social, political and economics spheres within  a particular  social formation or juncture.
Cultural studies practitioners  often know lot of interesting  things and possess the intellectual ability to play  them off interestingly against each other’s , but they sometimes lack adequate knowledge  of the “ deep play” of meaning or “thick description” of a culture that ethnographer Clifford Geertz  identified in his studies of the Balinese. Sometimes students complains that professors who over emphasizes cultural studies tend to downplay the necessity of reading theclassics, and that they sometimes coerce students into “politically correct “views.
During the rise of neo – liberalism in Britain and the US, cultural studies both became a global force/movement, and attracted the ire of many conservative opponents both within and beyond universities for a variety of reasons. Some left –wing critics associated particularly with Marxist forms of political economy also attacked cultural studies for allegedly overstating the importance of cultural phenomena. The aim of cultural studies is to examine cultural practices and their relation to power,. For example, a study of a subcultural wouldconsider their social practices against those of the dominant culture the middle and upper classes in London who control the political and financial sectors that create policies affecting the well-being of white.
The objective of cultural studies includes understanding culture in all its complex forms and analysing the social and political context in which cultural which culture manifests it. Cultural studies are a site of both study/ analysis analysis and political criticism/ action. Only would a cultural studies scholar study an object, buts/he wouldconnect this study to larger, progressive political project. Cultural studies attempts toexpose and reconcile constructed divisions of knowledge that purport to be grounded in nature.in the late 1990s restructuring at the University of Birmingham led to the elimination of Birmingham school and the creation of a new department of cultural studies and sociology in 1999. Then in 2002 theUniversity of Birmingham’s senior administration abruptly announced the disestablishments of css, provoking a substantial international outcry.
Marxism has played animportant originating roleas being a one of the firs critiques of culture- and has a hence been reflected in the history of cultural studies. The early Frankfurt school of sociology were particularly influenced by Antonio Gramsci, and the members of them later Birmingham school were in the early 1970s influenced by structuralism of althussser.
The development of hegemony theory in cultural studies was in some ways consonants with work in other fields exploring agency, a theoretical concept that insists on the active, critical capacities of subordinated peoples. Insistence on accounting for the agency of subordinated peoples runs counter to the work of traditional struucturalists. Some analysts have however been critical of some work in cultural studies that they feel overstates the significance of or even romanticizes some forms of popular cultural agency .cultural studies often concerns itself with agency at the level of the practices of everyday life and approaches such research from a stand point of radical contextualism. In other words, cultural studies reject universal accounts of cultural practice, meanings and identities. The move from a structuralise account in which capital is understood to structure social relations in relativelyhomologous  ways  to review  of hegemony which power relations are  subject to repetition, convergence  and reticulation brought the question of temporality into the thinking of structure . It has marked a shift from a althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent possibilities of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites andstrategies of the reticulation of power.
In recent decades , as a capitalist culture has spread throughout the world via contemporary forms of globalization, cultural studies has generated  important  analyses of local sites  and practices of  negotiation with and resistance  to western hegemony .cultural studies criticizes  the traditional view of the passive consumer, particularly by underlining the different ways people read , receive and interpret cultural texts or appropriate other kinds of cultural products , or otherwise participate in the production and the circulation of meanings . On this view a consumer can appropriate, actively rework or challenge the meaning circulated through cultural texts. Cultural studies drawing upon the developing semiotics , uses the concept of text to designate not only written language but also televisions programs , films ,photographs, fashion, hairstyles, and so forth ; the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful art effects of culture.
The task of cultural analysts  is to engage with both the knowledge system, and the text , and observe and analyses the ways in which the two interact with one another – and with one other  knowledge systems, including the one being deployed by the analysts him herself. This engagement represents  the critical dimensions  of the analysis, its capacity to illuminate  the hierarchies within and surroundings the given text and  its discourses .cultural studies  has evolved through the confluence  of various disciplines- anthropology, media and communication studies , literary studies , education, geography, philosophy, sociology, politics and others . While some areas of the cultural studies have meandered into political relativism and ‘postmodern’ conception of the subject and emancipation, at its core cultural studies provides a significant conceptual and methodological framework for cultural, social and economic critique.
Cultural studies has also diversified  its own  interests  and methodologies , incorporating a range of studies on media policy , democracy , design, leisure, tourism, warfare and development .many cultural studies practitioner’s work in department of English  or comparative literature. A cultural study has also had substantial impact on sociology.There are some differences between sociology as a discipline and field of cultural studies as a whole while sociology was founded upon   various historicworks purpose fully distinguishing the subject from philosophy or psychology, cultural studies had explicitly interrogated and criticized traditional understandings and practice of disciplinarily.
to evaluate my assignment click here
                                                                                                                                                          Thank You…


No comments:

Post a Comment